Plato and the Theory of Forms: Worksheet

Plato (c. 428-347 BCE) outlined his theory of Forms in various different works, including Meno, the Phaedo, and the Republic (which was written c. 375 BCE). It is of central importance to the philosophy of Plato, because many of his ideas depend on its assumptions. Write a definition for "theory".

Theory

Plato's theory of Forms is a highly contested and hotly debated area among modern thinkers, because it was never systematically outlined. It is closely related to the allegory of the cave, which is an extended analogy about a hypothetical philosopher's discovery of Forms. Make a note outlining the theory of Forms.

Theory of Forms

Plato's theory of Forms has several key components; nevertheless, it is important to remember that modern thinkers sometimes disagree about exactly how the theory works. For example, in An Introduction to Plato's Republic, Julia Annas (b. 1946) accepts Plato's attempt to establish a hierarchy of Forms, but argues that it creates problems for his theory; namely, she claims the hierarchy is impossible to justify even though others (e.g. Neoplatonists) have devised complex metaphysical explanations. Explain how the various components of the theory of Forms work.

Metaphysical ideals are more real than physical copies.

Forms constitute true reality, so only those human beings who perceive Forms know anything; they are philosophers.

The Form of the Good is at the apex of the hierarchy of Forms, and makes all other Forms knowable.

The theory of Forms is important for a number of reasons; however, in An Introduction to Plato's Republic, Julia Annas points towards three of particular significance, including its partial, powerful, and problem-solving nature. Make a note about why the theory of Forms is important.